What happens to my eSIM if my phone is stolen while traveling?

Because the eSIM is built into the phone, a thief would have the profile inside it, but they can't pop it out and move it to another device like a physical SIM. Lock the phone as soon as possible with 'Find My iPhone' or 'Find My Device' and tell your carrier about your primary line. For your Airlivo plan, contact support to review your options.